Preheat the oven to 350ºF (180ºC).
Butter or spray a 9-inch cake pan with removable bottom (or 2 if making separate layers). Line the bottom with a round piece of parchment paper if you want. Or dust the whole pan with fine breadcrumbs or flour, shaking off excess.
Beat 1 cup unsalted butter in a large bowl while adding 2 cups sugar gradually until creamy, 2-3 minutes.
Add 1 tablespoon lemon zest and 4 eggs, one at a time, beating well each time to combine.
Sift 2 ¾ cups all-purpose flour, 1 teaspoon baking powder and ¼ teaspoon salt (I do it directly over the butter mix) and add them in 3 parts to the butter mixture, alternating with ¾ cup milk, ¼ cup fresh lemon juice and ½ teaspoon vanilla extract in 2 parts.
Mix well but don’t overbeat.
Pour mixture into prepared pan(s), and bake for about 45 minutes, or until a tester comes out clean. It will be less if using 2 pans.
Let cool 20 minutes on a wire rack and carefully remove from the pan.
Peel the paper (if using) and let cool completely before frosting. It is best to wrap and refrigerate it for 1 day before frosting.